Tests
Tests offered during pregnancy vary from region to region.

Laboratory Tests
Laboratory tests may include measurement of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). This is a protein made by the developing baby that crosses the placenta, and is found in the mothers’ blood stream. Levels rise during the first half of pregnancy, but will be particularly high if an open NTD is present as higher amounts cross to the mother. The level may also be higher than expected in a twin pregnancy, or if the pregnancy is at a later stage than expected.

Non-Laboratory Tests
Tests include:

• Fetal ultrasound – to help diagnose NTDs prior to birth.
• X-ray, MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), and/or CT scan (computed tomography) – of spine and vertebrae after birth to look for defects and deformities.
• X-ray or CT scans of the head to detect excess fluid when hydrocephalus is suspected.

Regular clinical examinations – to detect and address complications as they arise.